There is general consensus that a foetal renal pelvic diameter >10mm at 26 weeks gestation is indicative of significant dilatation. The foetal kidneys can be easily visualised on ultrasound scan at 18 weeks gestation at which point it is possible to make measurements of the renal pelvic diameter. The ureteral bud undergoes a series of divisions which give rise to the pelvicalyceal system at the same time the mesoderm differentiates to form nephrons. At the 5 th week of embryonic development the ureteral bud grows and comes into close contact with mesodermal elements. The development of the kidney results from an interaction between the ureteral bud and the metanephrogenic mesoderm. births in one European study of over 709,030 births. Renal abnormalities are the commonest congenital malformation with a mean prevalence of around 1.
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